Marybeth Tinning

Between 1971 and 1985, all nine of Marybeth and Joe Tinnings children died. While doctors suspected the children had a newly-discovered death gene, friends and family suspected something more sinister. Marybeth was eventually convicted of second-degree murder in the death of only one of her children. Learn about her life, the lives—and deaths—of her children, and her court cases. Early Life Marybeth Roe was born on September 11, 1942, in Duanesburg, New York. She was an average student at Duanesburg High School and after graduation, she worked at various jobs until she settled in as a nursing assistant at Ellis Hospital in Schenectady, New York. In 1963, at the age of 21, Marybeth met Joe Tinning on a blind date. Joe worked for General Electric as did Marybeths father. He had a quiet disposition and was easy going. The two dated for several months and married in 1965. Marybeth Tinning once said that there were two things she wanted from life—to be married to someone who cared for her and to have children. By 1967 she had reached both goals. The Tinnings first child, Barbara Ann, was born on May 31, 1967. Their second child, Joseph, was born on January 10, 1970. In October 1971, Marybeth was pregnant with their third child, when her father died of a sudden heart attack. This became the first of a series of tragic events for the Tinning family. Suspicious Deaths The Tinnings third child, Jennifer, was born with an infection and died soon after her birth. Within nine weeks, the Tinnings other two children followed. Marybeth had always been odd, but after the death of her first three children, she became withdrawn and suffered severe mood swings. The Tinnings decided to move to a new house hoping that the change would do them good. After the Tinnings fourth and fifth children each died before they were a year old, some doctors suspected that the Tinning children were afflicted with a new disease. However, friends and family suspected that something else was going on. They talked among themselves about how the children seemed healthy and active before they died. They were beginning to ask questions. If it was genetic, why would the Tinnings keep having children? When seeing Marybeth pregnant, they would ask each other, how long this one would last? Family members also noticed how Marybeth would get upset if she felt she wasnt receiving enough attention at the childrens funerals and other family events. In 1974, Joe Tinning was admitted to the hospital because of a near-fatal dose of barbiturate poisoning. Later both he and Marybeth admitted that during this time there was a lot of upheaval in their marriage and that she put the pills, which she had obtained from a friend with an epileptic child, into Joes grape juice. Joe thought their marriage was strong enough to survive the incident and the couple stayed together despite what happened. He was later quoted as saying, You have to believe the wife. In August 1978, the couple decided they wanted to begin the adoption process for a baby boy named Michael who had been living with them as ​a  foster child. Around the same time, Marybeth became pregnant again. Two other biological children of the Tinnings died and Michaels death followed. It was always assumed that a genetic flaw or the death gene was responsible for the death of the Tinnings children, but Michael was adopted. This shed a whole different light on what had been happening with the Tinning children over the years. This time doctors and social workers warned the police that they should be very attentive to Marybeth Tinning. People commented on Marybeths behavior after their ninth child, Tami Lynnes, funeral. She held a brunch at her house for friends and family. Her neighbor noticed that her usual dark demeanor was gone and she seemed sociable as she engaged in the usual chatter that goes on during a get-together. For some, the death of Tami Lynne became the final straw. The hotline at the police station lit up with neighbors, family members and doctors and nurses calling in to report their suspicions about the deaths of the Tinning children. Forensic Pathology Investigation Schenectady Police Chief, Richard E. Nelson contacted forensic pathologist Dr. Michael Baden to ask him some questions about SIDS. One of the first questions he asked was if it was possible that nine children in one family could die of natural causes. Baden told him that it wasnt possible and asked him to send him the case files. He also explained to the chief that children that babies who die from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), also known as crib death, do not turn blue. They look like normal children after they die. If a baby was blue, he suspected it was caused by homicidal asphyxia. Someone had smothered the children. Dr. Baden later wrote a book in which he attributed the deaths of the Tinning children as a result of Marybeth suffering from acute Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome. Dr. Baden described Marybeth Tinning as a sympathy junky. He said, She liked the attention of people feeling sorry for her from the loss of her children. Confession and Denial On February 4, 1986, Schenectady investigators brought Marybeth in for questioning. For several hours she told investigators different events that had occurred with the deaths of her children. She denied having anything to do with their deaths. Hours into the interrogation she broke down and admitted she killed three of the children. I did not do anything to Jennifer, Joseph, Barbara, Michael, Mary Frances, Jonathan, she confessed, Just these three, Timothy, Nathan and Tami. I smothered them each with a pillow because Im not a good mother. Im not a good mother because of the other children. Joe Tinning was brought to the station and he encouraged Marybeth to be honest. In tears, she admitted to Joe what she had admitted to the police. The interrogators then asked Marybeth to go through each of the childrens murders and explain what happened. A 36-page statement was prepared and at the bottom, ​Marybeth ​wrote a brief statement about which of the children she killed (Timothy, Nathan, and Tami) and denied doing anything to the other children. She signed and dated the confession. According to what she said in the statement, she killed Tami Lynne because she would not stop crying. She was arrested and charged with the second-degree murder of Tami Lynne. The investigators could not find enough evidence to charge her with murdering the other children. At the preliminary hearings, ​Marybeth said the police had threatened to dig up the bodies of her children and rip them limb from limb during the interrogation. She said that the 36-page statement was a false confession, just a story that the police were telling and she was just repeating it. Despite her efforts to block her confession, it was decided that the entire 36-page statement would be permitted as evidence at her trial. Trial and Sentencing The murder trial of Marybeth Tinning began in Schenectady County Court on June  22, 1987. A lot of the trial centered on the cause of Tami Lynnes death. The defense had several physicians testify that the Tinning children suffered from a genetic defect which was a new syndrome, a new disease. The prosecution also had their physicians lined up. SIDS expert, Dr. Marie Valdez-Dapena, testified that suffocation rather than disease is what killed Tami Lynne. Marybeth Tinning did not testify during the trial. After 29 hours of deliberation, ​the jury had reached a decision. Marybeth Tinning, 44, was found guilty of second-degree murder of Tami Lynne Tinning. Joe Tinning later told the New York Times that he felt that the jury did their job, but he just had a different opinion on it. During sentencing, Marybeth read a statement in which she said she was sorry that Tami Lynne was dead and that she thought about her every day, but that she had no part in her death. She also said she would never stop trying to prove her innocence. The Lord above and I know I am innocent. One day the whole world will know that I am innocent and maybe then I can have my life back once again or what is left of it. She was sentenced to 20 years to life and was sent to Bedford Hills Prison for Women in New York. Incarceration and Parole Hearings Marybeth Tinning has been up for parole three times since her incarceration. March 2007 To the surprise of many, State Police Investigator, William Barnes, spoke on Marybeths behalf, asking for her release. Barnes was the lead investigator who interrogated Tinning when she confessed to killing three of her nine children.When asked about her crime, Tinning told the parole board, I have to be honest, and the only thing that I can tell you is that I know that my daughter is dead. I live with it every day, she continued, I have no recollection and I cant believe that I harmed her. I cant say any more than that.The Parole Commissioners denied parole, citing that she showed little insight into her crime and displayed little remorse. March 2009 In January 2009, Tinning went before the parole board for the second time. This time Tinning indicated that she remembered more than she did during her first parole hearing.She stated that she was going through bad times when she killed her daughter. The parole board again denied her parole, stating that her remorse was superficial at best. March 2011 Mary Beth was more forthcoming during her last parole hearing. She admitted to smothering Tami Lynne with a pillow but continued to insist that her other children died of SIDS.Asked to describe what insight she had about her actions, she answered, When I look back I see a very damaged and just a messed up person... Sometimes I try not to look in the mirror and when I do, I just, there is no words that I can express now. I feel none. Im just, just none.She also said she has tried to become a better person and ask for help and help others.Mary Beth was denied parole in 2011 and will become eligible again in 2013. Joe Tinning has continued to stand by Mary Beth and visits her regularly at the Bedford Hills Prison for Women in New York, although Marybeth commented during her last parole hearing that the visits were becoming more difficult. Jennifer: Third Child, First to Die Jennifer Tinning was born on December 26, 1971. She was kept hospitalized because of a severe infection and she died eight days later. According to the autopsy report, the cause of death was acute meningitis. Some who attended Jennifers funeral remembered that it seemed more like a social event than a funeral. Any remorse Marybeth was experiencing seemed to dissolve as she became the central focus of her sympathizing friends and family. In Dr. Michael Badens book, Confessions of a Medical Examiner, one of the cases that he profiles is that of Marybeth Tinning. He comments in the book about Jennifer, the one child that most everyone involved in the case kept saying Marybeth did not hurt. She was born with a severe infection and died in the hospital eight days later. Dr. Michael Baden added a different viewpoint on Jennifers death: Jennifer looks to be the victim of a coat hanger. Tinning had been trying to hasten her birth and only succeeded in introducing meningitis. The police theorized that she wanted to deliver the baby on Christmas Day, like Jesus. She thought her father, who had died while she was pregnant, would have been pleased. Joseph: Second Child, Second to Die On January 20, 1972, just 17 days after Jennifer died, Marybeth rushed into the Ellis Hospital emergency room in Schenectady with Joseph, who she said had experienced some sort of seizure. He was quickly revived, checked out and then sent home. Hours later Marybeth returned with Joe, but this time he could not ​be  saved. Tinning told the doctors that she put Joseph down for a nap and when she later checked on him she found him tangled up in the sheets and his skin was blue. There was no autopsy performed, but his death was ruled as​ a  cardio-respiratory arrest. Barbara: First Child, Third to Die Six weeks later, on March 2, 1972, Marybeth again rushed into the same emergency room with 4 1/2-year-old Barbara who was suffering from convulsions. The doctors treated her and advised Tinning that she should stay overnight, but Marybeth refused to leave her and took her home. Within hours Tinning was back at the hospital, but this time Barbara was unconscious and later died at the hospital. The cause of death was brain edema, commonly referred to as swelling of the brain. Some of the doctors suspected that she had Reyes Syndrome, but it was never proven. The police were contacted regarding Barbaras death, but after speaking with the doctors at the hospital the matter was dropped. Timothy: Fourth Child, Fourth to Die On Thanksgiving Day, November 21, 1973, Timothy was born. On December 10, just 3-weeks old, Marybeth found him dead in his crib. The doctors could not find anything wrong with Timothy and blamed his death on SIDS. SIDS was first recognized as a disease in 1969. In the 1970s, there were still many more questions than answers surrounding this mysterious disease. Nathan: Fifth Child, Fifth to Die The Tinnings next child, Nathan, was born on Easter Sunday, March 30, 1975. But like the other Tinning children, his life was cut short. On September 2, 1975, Marybeth rushed him to St. Clares Hospital. She said she was driving with him in the front seat of the car and she noticed he wasnt breathing. The doctors could not find any reason that Nathan was dead and they attributed it to acute pulmonary edema. Mary Francis: Seventh Child, Sixth to Die On October 29, 1978, the couple had a baby girl they named Mary Francis. It wasnt long before Mary Francis would be rushed through hospital emergency doors. The first time was in January 1979 after she had experienced seizures. The doctors treated her and she was sent home. A month later Marybeth again rushed Mary Francis to St. Clares emergency room, but this time she would not be going home. She died shortly after she arrived at the hospital. Another death attributed to SIDS. Jonathan: Eighth Child, Seventh to Die On November 19, 1979, the Tinnings had another baby, Jonathan. By March Marybeth was back at St. Clares hospital with an unconscious Jonathan. This time the doctors at St. Clares sent him to Boston Hospital where he could be treated by specialists. They could not find any medical reason why Jonathan became unconscious and he was returned to his parents. On March 24, 1980, just three days of being home, Marybeth returned to St. Claires with Jonathan. The doctors couldnt help him this time. He was already dead. ​The cause of death was listed as a  cardiopulmonary arrest. Michael: Sixth Child, Eighth to Die The Tinnings had one child left. They were still in the process of adopting Michael who was 2 1/2 years old and seemed healthy and happy. But not for long. On March 2, 1981, Marybeth carried Michael into the pediatricians office. When the doctor went to examine the child it was too late. Michael was dead. An autopsy showed he had pneumonia, but not severe enough to kill him. The nurses at St. Clares talked among themselves, questioning why Marybeth, who lived right across the street from the hospital, did not bring Michael to the hospital like she had so many other times when she had sick children. Instead, she waited until the doctors office was opened even though he showed signs of being sick earlier in the day. It did not make sense. The doctors attributed Michaels death to acute pneumonia, and the Tinnings were not held responsible for his death. However, Marybeths paranoia was increasing. She was uncomfortable with what she thought people were saying and the Tinnings decided to move again. Tami Lynne: Ninth Child, Ninth to Die Marybeth became pregnant and on August 22, 1985, Tami Lynne was born. The doctors carefully monitored Tami Lynne for four months and what they saw was a normal, healthy child. But by December 20th Tami Lynne was dead. The cause of death was listed as SIDS.

Civil Disobedience Or Obedience - 885 Words

LaKyia Scott Professor Nelson English 1302 09 February 2015 Civil Disobedience or Obedience INTRODUCTION Civil disobedience is defined as the â€Å"refusal to obey civil laws in an effort to induce change in government policy or legislation, characterized by nonviolent means†; theories on this topic have been debated for centuries. (American Heritage Dictionary 3rd Edition pg161) Henry David Thoreau was well known for his refusal to participate in the political systems or activities of his era, not only by refusing to pay his poll taxes for six consecutive years, but also by announcing that he did not wish to be regarded as a member of any incorporated society. In Civil Disobedience, Thoreau stresses the need to prioritize one’s conscience over the dictates of laws. A person should not be obligated to devote his or her life to eliminating evils from the world, but is only obligated not to participate in such evils themselves. He argues that the government rarely proves itself useful and this derives from the power from the majority because they are the strongest group, not because they hold the most legitimate views. Justice is the quality of being just, impartial or fair. Thoreau doubted the effectiveness of reform within the government, and argued that voting and petitioning for change served useless. He felt that justice had different standards for each different group. Which raises the question, is justice fair for everyone? When a government is unjust, people shouldShow MoreRelatedSelf-Reliance and Good Citizenship in Henry David Thoreaus Essay, Civil Disobedience804 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-Reliance and Good Citizenship Civil Disobedience is an essay by Henry David Thoreau on the place of civil disobedience in society. It analyzes men in society, the folly of majority and most importantly of all, it analyzes good citizenship. 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The Lorax 2 Free Essays

The Lorax Sequel By Georgia and Maddie â€Å"So†¦Catch! † calls the once-ler He lets something fall It’s a truffula seed It’s the last one of all You’re in charge of the last of the truffula seeds And truffula trees are what everyone needs Plant a new truffula, treat it with care Give it clean water and feed it fresh air Grow a forest protect it from axes that hack Then the lorax And all of his friends May come back. † So off ted went with the seed in his hand An idea in his head, and no greed in his plan He left for a place where the sky is blue With a small patch of sunlight That leaves the green grass new The clouds that filled the sky were a crisp white A place where the Swomee-Swans could take flight And the humming fish hummed in the rippulous pond While the Brown Bar- ba- loots played And sung in the shade â€Å"Excuse me! Excuse me! ‘Ted cried out ‘I need your help without a single doubt, To plant this Truffula seed to help it grow We can work together its essential you know We could live in peace and learn to keep a balance Between the Truffula trees but also the Thneeds! I am a man of my word and a man of my deeds So let me help you and speak for the trees! ’ Slowly but surely the brown Bar-ba-loots peeked Out at this Ted that had made a loud squeak The humming fish glanced as the Swomee- Swans shrieked; ‘We’ll help you dear Ted plant your little Truffula seed! ’ As the Truffula tree slowly grew, More and more animals returned too To help little Ted and his crew Mature a forest creating a new world for me and you So let the word know, call them in We’ll live all together as kin In little huts up in those truffula tufts Where thneeds are still made And no trees will be slayed By taking those tufts a little And using nothing but whittle Leaving the tufts to restore In their glory and awe To create a balance that no one can flaw Up in the clouds The lorax did grin The place we created that is our greatest win How to cite The Lorax 2, Essay examples

Importance of Documentation Proper Nursing Practices Free-Samples

Question: What are the Importance of Documentation for Proper Nursing Practices. Answer: Documentation is one of the most important aspects of proper nursing practices that should be developed by every nurse as an important skill. This mainly helps the nurse to keep records of every step that she had followed and each of the interventions he had taken (Srinivasulu, Namburi Samhita, 2016). Often documentation may be done in terms of simple paper accumulated in files or can be documented in technological portal .however in most hospitals nurses are usually found to be working mostly with documentation on paper and needs to handle them over to their colleague who would be taking the charge of the paper for continuance of the care. However, this aspect of nursing is associated with different types of fraudulence and therefore a nurse needs to be very careful about maintaining the information of the documents and be careful so that this document is not mishandled or advantages are taken of it (Dolan Farmer, 2016). The essay will mainly contain a mysterious case that had put a nurse in to a tricky situation and how she can take steps to make her free from any ethical or legal complication. In this case scenario, the nurse had provided documentation where she had put on all the important information about all the interventions that she had undertaken taking along with jotting the important dates, medications, injections and others, moreover she had kept all the information totally confidential so that she does not get involved in any legal obligations. However, there had been incidences that had taken place in the next shift which is not mentioned in the case that had resulted in the condition of the patient getting deteriorated. When the nurse had taken a close notice of the documents she had found that her documents had been tampered with. It is evident that the nurses to whom the nurse has delegated the work at the end of the shift was not skilled enough to handle the patient effectively. Therefore the interventions that the later nurse had taken must have had negative impacts for which the patient had developed critical situations. It is extremely important for a nurse to follow a procedural way of explanation while she is shifting the care of the patient to the nurse of the nest shift. There should be complete exchange of information that should have taken place between the two nurse regarding different aspects of the situation. It is extremely important for her dispose all her assumptions and also to block all other assumptions (New, 2014). Both the nurse should have focused on the safety of the patient clearly discussing the patient history, allergies or code status and others. Proper addressing of the past medical history of the patient is important to discuss along with the various discussion of the physical ass essment. Discussions related to medication as we;; as pain management strategies applied are also needed to be considered. Discussion on the relevant social issues as well as the discharge planning is also done ("Registered-nurse-standards-for-practice-", 2017). All these steps were suspected to be not done in the proper fashion which might have confused the nurses of the later shifts. Moreover it can also be expected that the nurses of the later stages had not conducted a proper review of the documentation that had been done by the previous nurse and had provided an intervention which was brought adverse effects to the patient. The nurses in order to save themselves from legal obligations, the later nurse have trampled the original notes so that the entire blame game takes place on the previous nurse. On critical analysis of the situation it can be seen that the previous nurse had maintained the standard one of the practice as she had maintained the accurate as well as the comprehensive and timely documentation of the assessments along with proper decision making, actions and evaluation which the later nurse had not performed. The nurse should immediately complain about this unprofessionalism so as to inform the higher authorities that this kind of activity will harm the organisations missions and goals (Sattler, 2017). She should immediately take steps to inform the higher officials that the later nurse had also not adhered to the standard two called the engagement in therapeutic and professional relationship because she had completely breached the guideline of following proper delegation methods and have not gone through proper supervision, consultation or even coordination and referrals and therefore she failed to maintain a proper professionalism. She should immediately call f or the nurse who was in charge of the patient and discuss entirely about the situation. She should immediately take the patients vital signs and take immediate action if she find the patients condition deteriorating (Mohammeed, 2014). Once the condition of the patient comes under control, she should called for the nurse who had taken care of the patients and make her understand the standards 4 of the guidelines of comprehensively conducting assessments which states that she should work in partnership with others to determine different factors that usually affects the health as well as the well being of the patient. This would help the later nurse to take actions as well provide referrals (Gordon, 2014). Moreover the nurse should also complain about the later nurse as she had also breached the rule of standard six where she had not conducted the delegated work appropriately according to the scope of clinical or non clinical practice. However the previous nurse is also found to have not followed the guidelines properly as well as she had not maintained the standard 6 rule of providing the clear effective timely direction as well as supervision in order to ensure that the delegated practice is safe and correct. Therefore she should also take an active step and reflect upon her own self so that she can learn from her mistake (Nakanushi Miyanmoto, 2015) If she would have performed her duty well, the other nurse would not have taken such a wrong and dishonest step in her duty hours (Geurden et al., 2014). Both the nurses should develop properly implement the guidelines of the standard 7 in their practice where they would determines, documents as well as communicates with different further communities, outcomes as well as goals to make the patient well. According to the codes of professional conduct by NMBA, when an aspect of care is made to be delegated, it is the duty of the nurses to ensure that the shifting of care from one nurse to another does not compromise the safety as well as the quality of the care of people. As the conduct 2 statements by NMBA clearly states that any action of any healthcare professionals under any circumstantial preferences compromise with the professional standards as well as any unethical or lawful practice should be immediately reported to the upper authority. Conduct 3 of the professional conducts would be extremely important for the former nurse in order to decide what kind of immediate activity would help her. It had clearly stated that if a nurse has understood that her colleague as well as her co-workers is engaged into unlawful conduct, be in any domain like clinical, management, research or responsibility, it would be her responsibility as well as her obligation to report such conduct to the g overning authority (New-Code-of-Professional-Conduct-for-Nurse", 2017). It would also be her duty to take any appropriate action which she thinks would be necessary to safeguard patient and also public interest (Saranto et al., 2016). This law has also stated that if their authority had failed to take an action, she can also go to external authority to look over the matter. From the entire case scenario, one cannot entirely make the later nurse responsible for the critical condition of the patient as the former nurse might not have followed the entire important guidelines to follow while documenting. It might have happened that although he had put all the important information of her assessment in a proper order with every details, she might have left blank spaces in her document which had resulted the later nurse to trample with it in order to save herself from an incorrect intervention that she have had done involuntarily. In conclusion, we can get a scenario that the former nurse had not conducted her duty responsibly while leaving her shift that had the later nurse of the shift to be in a state which was difficult for the nurse to assess. It was the duty of both the nurse to discuss the handover documents and conduct their practices. It was also the duty of the later nurse to verify the important interventions that she needs to proceed with. However it was not done and therefore the interventions that she had taken had negative impacts on the patients. To save herself from legal obligations, she had manipulated the data of the previous nurse in order to save herself and put the blame on the previous nurse. It is therefore important for the first nurse to at first conduct vital sign analysis and important diagnostic measure to assure that the patients condition id stable or not. After complete recovery of the patient from his unstable condition, the nurse should then inform the higher authority about the misconduct her colleague had conducted. After lodging the complaint she should have a detailed discussion with the fellow worker and both of them should recollect their guidelines set by NMBA so that no such occurrences can lead them to any legal complications. References: Dolan, C. M., Farmer, L. J. (2016). Let the Record Speak...: The Power of the Medical Record.The Journal for Nurse Practitioners,12(2), 88-94. Geurden, B., Wouters, C., Franck, E., Weyler, J., Ysebaert, D. (2014). Does Documentation in Nursing Records of Nutritional Screening on Admission to Hospital Reflect the Use of Evidence?Based Practice Guidelines for Malnutrition?.International journal of nursing knowledge,25(1), 43-48. Gordon, M. (2014).Manual of nursing diagnosis. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Mohamed, S. B. (2014). Legal issues in mandatory drug testing under Malaysias drug intervention programme.Journal of Substance Use,19(5), 378-381. Nakanishi, M., Miyamoto, Y. (2015). Documentation of nursing home residents' preferences regarding end-of-life care in Japan: Does the documentation serve as an advanced directive in care planning?.European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare,3(3), 309-317. New, K. (2014). Preventing, detecting, and investigating drug diversion in health care facilities.Journal of Nursing Regulation,5(1), 18-25. New-Code-of-Ethics-for-Nurses (2017).https://file:///C:/Users/Enanna%20Das/Downloads/5_New-Code-of-Ethics-for-Nurses-August-2008.. Retrieved 23 April 2017, from https://file:///C:/Users/Enanna%20Das/Downloads/5_New-Code-of-Ethics-for-Nurses-August-2008.PDF New-Code-of-Professional-Conduct-for nurse (2017).https://file:///C:/Users/Enanna%20Das/Downloads/6_New-Code-of-Professional-Conduct-for-Nurses-August-2008-1-. Retrieved 23 April 2017, from https://file:///C:/Users/Enanna%20Das/Downloads/6_New-Code-of-Professional-Conduct-for-Nurses-August-2008-1-.PDF Registered-nurse-standards-for-practice-. 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